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Blog
At Drug Science we like to cover different topics relating to drugs. These topics cover the many different ways that psychoactive substances have an impact on our culture and society.


From regulation to practice: A scoping review of prescribers’ roles in psilocybin-assisted therapy
Psilocybin remains prohibited in most jurisdictions, but Switzerland, Canada, and Australia have established tightly regulated clinical access pathways. In this developing landscape, prescribers are pivotal to safe access and must navigate conflicting guidance, uncertainty, and legal risk. Clarifying how current regulations define prescribers’ roles is therefore important for understanding how regulated clinical access pathways operate in practice.


High cannabidiol oil for the treatment of chronic pain and anxiety: Results from Project Twenty21 Australia
Chronic pain and anxiety are two common conditions for which medicinal cannabis (MC) is prescribed in Australia. Project Twenty21 Australia was an observational study that investigated the effectiveness of MC for chronic pain, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and multiple sclerosis, following patients for up to 12 months. The analysis reported in this paper is restricted to patients prescribed one specific full-spectrum high cannabidiol (CBD) oil, CannC CBD3000/5000, f


Fatal self-poisoning with Cerbera manghas purchased through a UK homeware supply chain: A case report highlighting a novel consumer safety hazard
Nutt et al. recently proposed a common lexicon for psychedelic science including dosing categories for different forms of psychedelic use across multiple substances.


How small is a microdose, how big is a macrodose?
Nutt et al. recently proposed a common lexicon for psychedelic science including dosing categories for different forms of psychedelic use across multiple substances.
Vince Polito
Aug 241 min read


Coroners’ verdicts of methadone poisoning can be misleading: A comparison of coronial verdicts of patients treated with opiate substitution treatment in general practice
A UK study of 46 deaths among methadone-treated patients at a London practice found that in half of the 8 cases labeled "methadone poisoning" by coroners, the clinical evidence pointed elsewhere. The authors say toxicology reports cite a fixed "fatal" blood level without accounting for how much tolerance varies between patients, misleading coroners.
Adam Bakker and David John Berry
Aug 101 min read


Project Twenty21 Australia: Results of a prospective observational study of patients prescribed medicinal cannabis for chronic pain, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder
A new Australian study of 522 medicinal cannabis patients found significant improvements in chronic pain, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms (plus sleep, mood, and quality of life) within three months, with gains holding steady for a full year. Adverse events were rare and mostly mild, though the study's lack of a control group means placebo effects can't be ruled out.


Incentive-linked prescribing and preventable medication-related harm: A narrative review
Medication-related harm is a leading cause of adverse health outcomes worldwide. However, incentive-linked prescribing – a practice where physicians prescribe expensive or unnecessary medications in exchange for incentives from pharmaceutical companies – is often overlooked as a contributing factor to medication-related harm.


RCTs vs real world evidence: what the Lancet cannabis meta-analysis misses
A recent meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, published in Lancet Psychiatry, concluded there was little evidence that cannabinoids help treat mental health conditions (Wilson et al, 2026). It got plenty of media coverage, much of which made the classic mistake of treating 'lack of evidence of benefit' as 'evidence of lack of benefit'. They're not the same thing.
Michael Lynskey
Jul 164 min read


Real-world approaches are superior to RCTs for studying the potential of CBMPs to treat anxiety
RCTs of cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) for anxiety consistently show little evidence of efficacy, yet patient use continues to grow. This editorial argues the discrepancy is largely artefactual, reflecting flawed trial methodology rather than a genuine lack of benefit.


Comparative medico-legal frameworks for psilocybin regulation - 2026 update
Jurisdictions that have implemented formalised regulatory pathways integrating psilocybin into supervised clinical practice include...
Octavian Victor Brinzei
Jun 97 min read


Epistemology, pharmacology, knowledge sources, and legal responsibility for accurate information
We consider the validity and accuracy of information in medical science as it relates to legal liability. We argue that fundamental changes have occurred concerning knowledge dissemination to doctors (and patients) that have profound implications for the ethical and legal responsibility for accuracy. Such considerations are important for legal professionals at all stages of legal processes and tribunal proceedings.
Peter Kenneth Gillman
May 191 min read


Shared characteristics among those who co-ingest cocaine and alcohol prior to death by suicide: An examination of trends within the National Programme on Substance Use Mortality data
Whilst substance dependence is well-documented as a risk factor for suicide, less is understood about individuals who die by suicide following recreational polydrug use. Cocaethylene, a psychoactive metabolite produced by the co-ingestion of alcohol and cocaine, may be a cumulative risk factor for suicidality.


Political ideology and party affiliation as determinants of attitudes toward legalization of Marijuana in the United States: Implications for policy conversations
Drawing on data gathered in the General Social Survey (GSS), this study examined the influence of political ideology, conceived as a measure of personal identity, and party affiliation, an indicator of group identity, on attitudes toward the legalization of marijuana in the United States.
Bryan E. Denham
May 81 min read


Perspectives on recreational substance use and harm reduction among music festival workers in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study
This qualitative study explored perspectives on recreational substance use and harm-reduction practices among festival workers at UK music festivals.


Drug Science, Policy and Law - 2025 a year in review
In 2025, DSPL published 21 articles with contributions from 86 different authors, with reviews and original research covering psychedelics, cannabis and harm reduction. This report will summarise the major themes and key findings covered in the journal this year.
Ameer Morshed and Finn Laslett
Jan 286 min read


Development of a mandarin version of the five dimensional altered states of consciousness (5D-ASC) rating scale
This study aimed to develop a high-quality Mandarin version of the 5 Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) Rating Scale to increase language accessibility in psychedelic research.
Jacob S. Aday, Zoe Zong, and Joshua D. Woolley
Jan 161 min read


The impact of drug control on wider research: Psychedelic mushroom exploration
Restrictions on what are now deemed ‘controlled drugs’ and, in New Zealand, ‘prohibited plants’ unjustly impact both medical care and research.
Sam Lasham and Rhys Ponton
Jan 161 min read


The medical sociological and social epidemiological psychedelics paradigm (MSSEPP)
Although psychedelics have shown therapeutic potential in treating conditions such as depression, PTSD, and addiction, concerns remain regarding ethical practices, participant diversity, and the structural limitations of prevailing theoretical frameworks.
Sean M Viña
Nov 26, 20251 min read


Losing the innovation footrace: Refining regulations in the creation of overdose reversal technology within the United States
The current mechanisms in the United States to research and develop novel reversal agents for substances that can lead to overdose are restricted by regulations placed on the pharmaceutical industry.


A lexicon for psychedelic research and treatment
To date, there has been a lack of consensus in the field of psychedelic research regarding key terms. It is our hope that development of this lexicon can aid in translating findings across various research groups and improve clarity and precision in our communications with each other and the general public.
Medical Psychedelics Working Group
Sep 21, 20252 min read


Sociodemographic and mental-health characteristics of psychedelic-assisted therapy participants: Latent class analysis of a cross-sectional, purposive online sample
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is an emerging treatment that combines pharmacotherapeutic dosing sessions with psychotherapy. Despite limited regulatory approval, treatment seekers can access PAT through various avenues, including ketamine treatment centers and “supported adult use” psilocybin centers in the US, drug tourism, “underground” therapy, and participation in clinical trials.
Dan Petrovitch, Samuel Hosford, Andrew K Littlefield and Heather Austin-Robillard
Sep 8, 20252 min read
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